Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.

Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of two initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in human cancer cells. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner and is therefore a promising candidate for anti-tumor drug development. Ginsenoside Rh2 triggers p53-dependent Fas expression and consequent activation of caspase-8 and p53-independent caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway to cause cancer cell death.The cytotoxic activity of Ginsenoside Rh2 in the human tumor cell lines HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 is assessed by MTT. The cell viability of HeLa cells is remarkably inhibited by Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC₅₀ value of 2.52 μg/mL, whereas SK-HEP-1 and SW480 cells are less sensitive to Ginsenoside Rh2, with IC₅₀ values of 3.15 μg/mL and 4.06 μg/mL, respectively. PC-3 cells are the least vulnerable to Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC₅₀ value of 7.85 μg/mL, 3-fold higher than HeLa cells^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

A total of 15 days following B16-F10 cell injection, tumor sizes from the 3 tumor bearing groups are measured. The tumor sizes in the G-L group and G-H group (G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection) are reduced compared with the tumor group (P<0.05). The survival analysis reveals that the Ginsenoside Rh2 treated groups survive longer than the untreated tumor group and the effect is dose-dependent (P<0.05)^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

622.87

C₃₆H₆₂O₈

78214-33-2

人参皂苷 Rh2；人参皂苷 Rh2

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

In Vitro: 

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (160.55 mM)

* “≥” means soluble, but saturation unknown.

*

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In Vivo:

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• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.01 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.01 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

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  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.01 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明

• [1]. Guo XX, et al. p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 2014 Mar;5(3):224-34.

  [2]. Wang M, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the antitumor immunological response of a melanoma mice model. Oncol Lett. 2017 Feb;13(2):681-685.

HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are treated with Ginsenoside Rh2 (7.5 μg/mL) in serum free media for indicated time periods and then are harvested. Fifty micrograms of cell lysates are incubated with 200 nM Ac-DEVD-AFC (for caspase-3), Ac-IETD-AFC (for caspase-8), and Ac-LEHD-AFC (for caspase-9) in a reaction buffer containing 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 0.1% CHAPS, and 10% sucrose at 37°C for 1 h. The reaction is monitored by fluorescence emission at 535 nm and excitation at 405 nm^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Determination of cell viability is performed by using MTT assay, which is used to calculate the growth inhibition induced by increasing concentrations of drug. Briefly, exponentially growing HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are seeded into a 96-well plate at 1×10⁴ cells/well in triplicate. After incubation for 24 h, cells are treated with increasing concentration of Ginsenoside Rh2 (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μg/mL) in serum free media for 48 h. At the end of treatment, 20 μL of MTT (5 mg/mL) is added to each well and incubated for an additional 4 h. The formazan grains formed by viable cells are solubilized with DMSO, and the color intensity is measured at 550 nm with an ELISA reader^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[2]
Male C57BL6 mice (3-4 weeks old) are randomly arranged into 4 groups of 80 mice: Tumor group, G-L group, G-H group and Control group. G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection. For the tumor group, G-L group and G-H group, the B16-F10 cell line is injected into the mice. These 3 groups become tumor bearing groups. For the control group, the same volume of PBS is injected instead. Ginsenoside Rh2 is injected into the left back of mice in the G-L and G-H groups. The dose for the G-H group is 0.5 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg for G-L group, every 2 days after day 5. PBS is injected in the tumor and control groups at the same time points.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Guo XX, et al. p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 2014 Mar;5(3):224-34.

  [2]. Wang M, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the antitumor immunological response of a melanoma mice model. Oncol Lett. 2017 Feb;13(2):681-685.