Ginkgolic Acid is a natural compound that inhibits SUMOylation with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM in in vitro assay.

IC50: 3.0 μM (SUMOylation)^[1]

Ginkgolic acid inhibits the in vitro SUMOylation of RanGAP1-C2 with the IC₅₀ values of 3.0 μM. The level of SUMOylated p53 is markedly reduced by the ginkgolic acid treatment. Importantly, ginkgolic acid does not affect protein ubiquitination in cells. Ginkgolic acid inhibits the binding between E1 and GA-BODIPY in a dose-dependent manner^[1]. Ginkgolic acid (31.2 μg/mL) inhibits HIV protease activity by 60%, compared with the negative control, and the effect is concentration-dependent. Ginkgolic acid treatment (50 and 100 μg/mL) effectively inhibits HIV infection in human PBMC cells. Ginkgolic acid at the concentrations up to 150 μg/mL does not cause any significant cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells^[2]. GA only inhibits the growth of tumorogenic cell lines in a both dose- and time-dependent manner. Tumor cells are treated with GA for 72 h, 70.53±4.54% Hep-2 and 63.5±7.2% Tca8113 cells are retarded at GO/G1 phase, and the percentage of apoptosis is 40.4±1.58 and 38.4±1.7%, respectively. GA-treated activated caspase-3 downregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein, eventually leading to a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in tumor cellsin human PBMC cells. Ginkgolic acid at the concentrations up to 150 μg/mL does not cause any significant cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

346.50

C₂₂H₃₄O₃

22910-60-7

银杏酸；白果酸

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (288.60 mM; Need ultrasonic)

*

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

In Vivo:

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (7.94 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (7.94 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 27.5 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (7.94 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (7.94 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 27.5 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Fukuda I, et al. Ginkgolic acid inhibits protein SUMOylation by blocking formation of the E1-SUMO intermediate. Chem Biol. 2009 Feb 27;16(2):133-40.

  [2]. Lü JM, et al. Ginkgolic acid inhibits HIV protease activity and HIV infection in vitro. Med Sci Monit. 2012 Aug;18(8):BR293-298.

  [3]. Zhou C, et al. Antitumor effects of ginkgolic acid in human cancer cell occur via cell cycle arrest and decrease the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to induce apoptosis. Chemotherapy. 2010;56(5):393-402.

  [4]. Qiu F, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of SUMO-1 with ginkgolic acid alleviates cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Apr 15;345:1-9.

Jurkat cells (106 cells/mL) are cultured in the RPMI medium with or without different concentrations of ginkgolic acid for 48 hours to test the cytotoxicity of ginkgolic acid. The cytotoxicity of ginkgolic acid is determined using a tetrazolium compound (MTS) and an electron coupling reagent (PMS). MTS is chemically reduced by cells into formazan, which is soluble in the tissue culture medium. The measurement of the absorbance of the formazan can be carried out using 96 well microplates at 492 nm. Since the production of formazan is proportional to the number of living cells, the intensity of the produced color is a good indication of the viability of the cells.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Fukuda I, et al. Ginkgolic acid inhibits protein SUMOylation by blocking formation of the E1-SUMO intermediate. Chem Biol. 2009 Feb 27;16(2):133-40.

  [2]. Lü JM, et al. Ginkgolic acid inhibits HIV protease activity and HIV infection in vitro. Med Sci Monit. 2012 Aug;18(8):BR293-298.

  [3]. Zhou C, et al. Antitumor effects of ginkgolic acid in human cancer cell occur via cell cycle arrest and decrease the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to induce apoptosis. Chemotherapy. 2010;56(5):393-402.

  [4]. Qiu F, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of SUMO-1 with ginkgolic acid alleviates cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Apr 15;345:1-9.