GSK484 hydrochloride is a selective and reversible peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor. GSK484 hydrochloride demonstrates high affinity binding to PAD4 with IC₅₀s of 50 nM in the absence of Calcium. In the presence of 2 mM Calcium, notably lower potency (250 nM) is observed.

IC50: 50 nM (PAD4, in the absence of Calcium), 250 nM (PAD4, in the presence of 2 mM Calcium)^[1]

GSK484 demonstrates high affinity binding to the low-calcium form of PAD4 with IC₅₀s of 50 nM and 250 nM in the absence of Calcium (0 mM) and Calcium (2 mM), respectively. GSK484 also inhibits PAD4 citrullination (at 0.2 mM Calcium) of benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) substrate in a concentration-dependent manner, as detected using an NH₃ release assay^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

To address whether PAD4 inhibition can suppress cancer-associated kidney injury, MMTV-PyMT mice are treated with the PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 at 4 mg/kg daily for one week. This dose suppress the elevated number of neutrophils undergoing NETosis in peripheral blood in mice with cancer. In parallel, the total protein level in urine from MMTV-PyMT mice is significantly reduced compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice, further supporting an improved functional status of the kidneys after GSK484 treatment. Administration of GSK484 at a dose of 4 mg/kg daily during one week reverts signs of kidney dysfunction in tumor-bearing mice to the same extent as DNase I treatment, without any detectable signs of toxicity^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

510.03

C₂₇H₃₂ClN₅O₃

1652591-81-5

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (245.08 mM; Need ultrasonic)

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (98.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： Saline

  Solubility: 100 mg/mL (196.07 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 4.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Lewis HD, et al. Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation. Nat Chem Biol. 2015 Mar;11(3):189-91.

  [2]. Cedervall J, et al. Pharmacological targeting of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 prevents cancer-associated kidney injury in mice. Oncoimmunology. 2017 Apr 20;6(8):e1320009.

PAD4 is serially diluted in the presence of 10 nM GSK215 in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES, pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, 1 mM CHAPS, 1 mM DTT) at varying concentrations of calcium (0, 0.2, 2 and 10 mM). Following incubation for 50 min, apparent K_ds for each calcium concentration are determined using a single site saturation curve. For IC₅₀ determination, test compounds (e.g., GSK484) are serially diluted in DMSO (1% final assay concentration) and tested at the same range of calcium concentrations in the presence of PAD4 (at the calculated K_d for each calcium condition) and 10 nM GSK215 in the same assay buffer and volume. Reactions are incubated for 50 min after which IC₅₀ values are calculated using a four-parameter logistic equation^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

HEK293 cells stably expressing N-terminal FLAG-tagged PAD1, PAD2, PAD3 or PAD4 are engineered by retroviral transduction. Cells are grown in 15 cm diameter plates to subconfluency in DMEM supplemented with 10% Foetal Bovine Serum, harvested by centrifugation and washed once in PBS/2 mM EGTA. Cells are lysed in 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 5% glycerol, 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM NaF, 1 mM Na₃VO₄, 0.4% NP40, 1 mM DTT with protease inhibitors. Lysates are pre-incubated for 20 min at 4°C with DMSO alone (2%), 100 µM of GSK199, GSK484, GSK106 or 200 µM Cl-amidine. Citrullination reactions are performed for 30 min at 37°C in the presence of 2 mM calcium. Extracts are loaded on to gels, proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. Citrullinated proteins are then chemically modified and detected using anti-modified citrulline antibody. FLAG-PAD constructs are detected using anti-FLAG antibody^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[2]
The study includes two transgenic mouse models, the MMTV-PyMT mouse model for mammary carcinoma (FVB/n background) and the RIP1-Tag2 mouse model for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (C57BL/6 background). Mice are treated daily by intra-peritoneal injections of the PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 (4 mg/kg). GSK484 is dissolved in 99.9% ethanol at a concentration of 25 mg/mL to generate a stock solution and further diluted 1:50 in 0.9% NaCl shortly before injection of 200 μL/mouse^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Lewis HD, et al. Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation. Nat Chem Biol. 2015 Mar;11(3):189-91.

  [2]. Cedervall J, et al. Pharmacological targeting of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 prevents cancer-associated kidney injury in mice. Oncoimmunology. 2017 Apr 20;6(8):e1320009.