AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR is also an autophagy, YAP and mitophagy inhibitor^[1][2].

HepG2 cells are treated with various concentrations of AICAR (0.1-1.0 mM) for 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The expression level of IR-β significantly decreases with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mM of AICAR at 48 h to 50%, 53%, and 46% of the control, respectively^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Fourteen-week-old male, lean (L; 31.3 g body wt) wild-type andob/ob (O; 59.6 g body wt) mice are injected with the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (A) at 0.5 mg/g per day or saline control (C) for 14 days. At 24 h after the last injection (including a 12-h fast), all mice are killed, and the plantar flexor complex muscle (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris) is excised for analysis. Muscle mass is lower in OC (159±12 mg) than LC, LA, and OA (176±10, 178±9, and 166±16 mg, respectively) mice, independent of a body weight change^[3]. The kidney weight is significantly higher in the untreated group when compared with both the exercise and AICAR (0.5 mg/g body wt) groups. The heart weight is higher in the exercise group than in the other groups, whereas the liver weight is significantly higher in the AICAR-treated group when compared with the exercise and untreated groups^[4].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

258.23

C₉H₁₄N₄O₅

2627-69-2

阿卡地新

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (484.06 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

H₂O : 65 mg/mL (251.71 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： PBS

  Solubility: 110 mg/mL (425.98 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.05 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.05 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.05 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.05 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 4.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.05 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.05 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Nakamaru K, et al. AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, down-regulates the IR expression in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Mar 11;328(2):449-54

  [2]. Giri S, et al. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside inhibits proinflammatory response in glial cells: a possible role of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci. 2004 Jan 14;24(2):479-87.

  [3]. Drake JC, et al. AICAR treatment for 14 days normalizes obesity-induced dysregulation of TORC1 signaling and translational capacity in fasted skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Dec;299(6):R1546-54.

  [4]. Pold R, et al. Long-term AICAR administration and exercise prevents diabetes in ZDF rats.Diabetes. 2005 Apr;54(4):928-34.

  [5]. Ajaybabu V Pobbati, et al. A combat with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncoproteins for cancer therapy. Theranostics. 2020 Feb 18;10(8):3622-3635.

HepG2 cells (5×10⁵ cells) are plated in 6-well culture plate dishes and then are incubated in the serum-free media for 12 h before transfection. One microgram of plasmid is transfected with FuGENE6 Transfection Reagent. After 5 h of transfection, the culture media are removed and then media supplemented with or without AICAR (0.1-1.0 mM) are added to each well. The stimulation media are changed every 24 h^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[2]
Fourteen-week-old lean (Lep^ob/+ or Lep^ob/+) and ob/ob (Lep^ob/Lep^ob) male mice are uesd. After the 14-day experimental treatment (24 h after AICAR injection, including a 12-h fast), the plantar flexor complex muscle is cleanly (tendon-to-tendon) excised from an anesthetized mouse. The muscle is quickly weighed and then processed for histology or frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. The anesthetized mice are killed by transection of the diaphragm and removal of the entire heart, after blood collection via needle puncture directly into the heart. AICAR or saline (control) is injected subcutaneously into the lateral distal portion of the back. AICAR is administered at 0.5 mg/g per day one time for 14 days. Saline (control) is injected in volumes identical to those used for AICAR treatment in a manner identical to that of AICAR treatment. Body weight is measured prior to death.
Rats^[3]
Male 5-week-old ZDF rats are either subcutaneously injected with a single dose of AICAR (0.5 mg/g body wt) or underwent a single bout of treadmill running (60 min, speed of 25 m/min at a 5% incline). Untreated ZDF rats serve as controls (n=5 in each group). One hour after the subcutaneous AICAR injection or immediately after treadmill running, rats are killed by cervical dislocation. To avoid any effect of muscle spasm and hypoxia, red and white gastrocnemius muscles are removed within seconds and immediately freeze clamped for later determination of AMPK activity.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Nakamaru K, et al. AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, down-regulates the IR expression in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Mar 11;328(2):449-54

  [2]. Giri S, et al. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside inhibits proinflammatory response in glial cells: a possible role of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci. 2004 Jan 14;24(2):479-87.

  [3]. Drake JC, et al. AICAR treatment for 14 days normalizes obesity-induced dysregulation of TORC1 signaling and translational capacity in fasted skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Dec;299(6):R1546-54.

  [4]. Pold R, et al. Long-term AICAR administration and exercise prevents diabetes in ZDF rats.Diabetes. 2005 Apr;54(4):928-34.

  [5]. Ajaybabu V Pobbati, et al. A combat with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncoproteins for cancer therapy. Theranostics. 2020 Feb 18;10(8):3622-3635.