DAPT (GSI-IX) is a potent and orally active γ-secretase inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 115 nM and 200 nM for total amyloid-β (Aβ) and Aβ₄₂, respectively. DAPT inhibits the activation of Notch 1 signaling and induces cell differentiation. DAPT also induces autophagy and apoptosis. DAPT has neuroprotection activity and has the potential for autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases, degenerative disease and cancers treatment^[1][2].

IC50: 115 nM (Aβ), 200 nM (Aβ42)^[5]

DAPT inhibits Aβ production over 90%, effects only a modest reduction in APPβ in the culture media. Although APPβ is reduced by about 30% by DAPT treatment, this effect is not concentration-dependent and is reversed by the removal of DAPT^[1]. CNE-2 cells are treated with increasing concentrations of DAPT (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), and the γ-secretase-generated Notch 1 fragment Val1744-NICD is decreased after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). The activation of γ-secretase is almost completely inhibited by DAPT at the concentration of 50 μM^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

DAPT is administered to PDAPP mice (100 mg/kg s.c.) and the levels of DAPT and Aβ are examined in the brain cortex. Peak DAPT levels of 490 ng/g are achieved in the brain 3 h after treatment, and levels greater than 100 ng/g (~200 nM) are sustained throughout the first 18 h. These brain concentrations of DAPT are in excess of its IC₅₀ for lowering Aβ in neuronal cultures (115 nM), and results in a robust and sustains pharmacodynamic effect^[1]. DAPT protects brain against cerebral ischemia by down-regulating the expression of Notch 1 and Nuclear factor kappa B in rats. Western blot analyses also show a significant decrease of Notch 1 and NF-κB expression in DAPT (0.03 mg/kg) group (P<0.05 vs. MCAO group)^[2].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

432.46

C₂₃H₂₆F₂N₂O₄

208255-80-5

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (57.81 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Ethanol : 10 mg/mL (23.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 50% PEG300    50% saline

  Solubility: 5 mg/mL (11.56 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

  此方案可获得 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM) 的均匀悬浊液，悬浊液可用于口服和腹腔注射。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 4.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• 5.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.31 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.31 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 10.0 mg/mL 的澄清 EtOH 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• [1]. Dovey HF, et al. Functional gamma-secretase inhibitors reduce beta-amyloid peptide levels in brain. J Neurochem. 2001 Jan;76(1):173-81.

  [2]. Li S, et al. DAPT protects brain against cerebral ischemia by down-regulating the expression of Notch 1 and nuclear factor κB in rats. Neurol Sci. 2012 Dec;33(6):1257-64.

  [3]. Zhou JX, et al. γ-secretase inhibition combined with NSC 119875 enhances apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Exp Ther Med. 2012 Feb;3(2):357-361.

  [4]. Tanimizu N, et al. Intrahepatic bile ducts are developed through formation of homogeneous continuous luminal network and its dynamic rearrangement in mice. Hepatology. 2016 Jul;64(1):175-88.

  [5]. Michael T. Chang, et al. Notch Drives Proliferation And Radiation Resistance Of Cancer Stem Cells In Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Yale University. January 2016.

  [6]. Majumder S, et al. Shifts in podocyte histone H3K27me3 regulate mouse and human glomerular disease. J Clin Invest. 2018 Jan 2;128(1):483-499.

  [7]. Yixin Tao, et al. β-catenin activation in hair follicle dermal stem cells induces ectopic hair outgrowth and skin fibrosis. J Mol Cell Biol. 2018 May 16.

Human embryonic kidney cells, transfected with the gene for APP₇₅₁ (HEK 293) are used for routine Aβ reduction assays. Cells are plated in 96-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Cells are pre-treated for 2 h at 37°C with DAPT (0, 0.4, 2, 10, 50 and 250 nM), media are aspirated off and fresh compound solutions applied. After an additional 2-h treatment period, conditioned media are drawn off and analyzed by a sandwich ELISA (266-3D6) specific for total Aβ. Reduction of Aβ production is measured relative to control cells treated with 0.1% DMSO and expressed as a percentage inhibition. Data from at least six doses in duplicate are fitted to a four-parameter logistical model using XLfit software in order to determine potency^[1].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[1]
The three- to four-month-old heterozygous PDAPP transgenic mice overexpressing the APP_V717F mutant form of the amyloid precursor protein. Each treatment group (n=10) consists of equal numbers of age-matched male and female animals that are fasted overnight prior to treatment. Both treatment and control groups are dosed at a volume of 10 mL/kg with DAPT or vehicle alone. Tissues are processed and all Aβ and APP measurements are made. After removal of the brain, the cortex from one hemisphere is homogenized, centrifuged, and the supernatant is used for Aβ measurements. Cortex from the other hemisphere is snap frozen for analysis of compound levels. Aβ levels are expressed as ng/g of wet tissue weight, and percentage reductions are calculated relative to the mean Aβ level of tissue from vehicle-treated control animals. Data are analyzed with Mann-Whitney non-parametric statistics to assess significance.
Rats^[3]
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (260-290 g) are used. DAPT solution is stereotactically injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LV) immediately after MCAO. The stereotactic injections into the LVs are performed at coordinates −0.8 mm anteroposterior, ±1.5 mm mediolateral and −4.5 mm dorsoventral from the bregma. 30 rats are randomly assigned to three operating groups (10 rats in each group): sham-operated group that receive equal volume of PBS without MCAO operation; MCAO group that receive equal volume PBS after MCAO (MCAO); and DAPT group that receive DAPT as 0.03 mg/kg after MCAO. 24 h after operation the first neurological function is assessed and then 48 h after operation the second neurological function is assessed. Meanwhile, brain water content and infarction volume are measured and compared among different groups.

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Dovey HF, et al. Functional gamma-secretase inhibitors reduce beta-amyloid peptide levels in brain. J Neurochem. 2001 Jan;76(1):173-81.

  [2]. Li S, et al. DAPT protects brain against cerebral ischemia by down-regulating the expression of Notch 1 and nuclear factor κB in rats. Neurol Sci. 2012 Dec;33(6):1257-64.

  [3]. Zhou JX, et al. γ-secretase inhibition combined with NSC 119875 enhances apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Exp Ther Med. 2012 Feb;3(2):357-361.

  [4]. Tanimizu N, et al. Intrahepatic bile ducts are developed through formation of homogeneous continuous luminal network and its dynamic rearrangement in mice. Hepatology. 2016 Jul;64(1):175-88.

  [5]. Michael T. Chang, et al. Notch Drives Proliferation And Radiation Resistance Of Cancer Stem Cells In Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Yale University. January 2016.

  [6]. Majumder S, et al. Shifts in podocyte histone H3K27me3 regulate mouse and human glomerular disease. J Clin Invest. 2018 Jan 2;128(1):483-499.

  [7]. Yixin Tao, et al. β-catenin activation in hair follicle dermal stem cells induces ectopic hair outgrowth and skin fibrosis. J Mol Cell Biol. 2018 May 16.