Artesunate is an inhibitor of both STAT-3 and exported protein 1 (EXP1).

Artesunate is an inhibitor of both STAT-3^[1] and exported protein 1 (EXP1)^[2]. Artesunate treatment for 24 h causes a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. Moreover, Western blotting shows that the levels ofγ-H2AX are significantly elevated when cancer cells are treated with Artesunate in the higher dose range for 24 h. Artesunate also shows a time-dependent effect on the level of RAD51 in A2780 and HO8910 cells. In two types of non-malignant cells, normal human fibroblasts and immortalized epithelial cells, FTE-187, the level of RAD51 is not altered by Artesunate. In A2780 cells, the level of RAD51 mRNA is indeed decreased by the addition of Artesunate, in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, the promoter activity of RAD51 is significantly inhibited by Artesunate. In contrast, the RAD51 mRNA level in H8910 cells is not affected by Artesunate^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Tumor growth is significantly reduced in the group receiving combined treatment of Artesunate and cisplatin (P<0.01). In comparison, Artesunate alone has no significant effect on the growth of tumor xenografts for both cell lines^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

384.42

C₁₉H₂₈O₈

88495-63-0

青蒿酯；青蒿琥酯；二氢青蒿素-12-α-丁二酸单酯；

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 83.33 mg/mL (216.77 mM; Need ultrasonic)

7.5% sodium bicarbonate : 20 mg/mL (52.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Ilamathi M, et al. Artesunate as an Anti-Cancer Agent Targets Stat-3 and Favorably Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Top Med Chem. 2016;16(22):2453-63.

  [2]. Lisewski AM, et al. Supergenomic network compression and the discovery of EXP1 as a glutathione transferase inhibited by artesunate. Cell. 2014 Aug 14;158(4):916-928.

  [3]. Wang B, et al. Artesunate sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by downregulating RAD51. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(10):1548-56.

After treatment with Artesunate for 24 h, cells are harvested and lysed in 1×cell lysis buffer. Total proteins of 15 to 25 μg are separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Membranes are blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 to 2 h at room temperature and then probed with primary antibodies and incubated at 4°C overnight. After extensive washing with TBS-T, membranes are incubated with appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature, and then are detected by Western ECL-enhanced luminol reagent ^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

A2780 and HO8910 cells are cultured in RPMI 1640, Normal human fibroblasts (NHF) in DMEM, and FTE-187 in M199, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin. All the cells are incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂. Artesunate is applied to the cultured cells at the concentration of 0, 5, 10, 25, or 50 µg/mL for various periods. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following Artesunate treatment is determined. Briefly, cells are loaded with 5 μM of CM-H2DCFDA and incubated at 37°C for 20 min after treatment with Artesunate. Cells are resuspended using preserving fluid and analyzed with a FACSCanto II. The peak excitation wavelength for oxidized CM-H2DCFDA is 490 nm and emission is 530 nm^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Four to six weeks old female athymic nude mice (BALB/c, nu/nu) are used. A2780 and HO8910 cells are harvested and resuspended in 0.1 ml of PBS, 5×10⁶ cells/0.2 mL are injected subcutaneously into the left inguinal area of the mice. Two weeks later, mice bearing tumors (~70 mm³ for A2780 and HO8910) are randomly divided into 4 groups. Artesunate is administered daily via i.p. injection at doses of 50 mg/kg alone for 16 days. The tumor growth is monitored every other day. Tumor volume is determined by the formula 1/2a×b² where a is the long diameter (mm) and b is the short diameter (mm)^[3].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Ilamathi M, et al. Artesunate as an Anti-Cancer Agent Targets Stat-3 and Favorably Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Top Med Chem. 2016;16(22):2453-63.

  [2]. Lisewski AM, et al. Supergenomic network compression and the discovery of EXP1 as a glutathione transferase inhibited by artesunate. Cell. 2014 Aug 14;158(4):916-928.

  [3]. Wang B, et al. Artesunate sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by downregulating RAD51. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(10):1548-56.