5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) 是一种胸腺嘧啶核苷类似物,在细胞增殖时能够插入正在复制的 DNA 分子中, EdU 与染料的共轭反应可以进行高效快速的细胞增殖检测分析。5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine 是一种 PROTAC linker,属于 alkyl chain 类。可用于合成 PROTAC 分子。
5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 61135-33-9
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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生物活性
5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), a thymidine analogue, is incorporated into cellular DNA during DNA replication and the subsequent reaction of EdU with a fluorescent azide in a “Click” reaction. EdU staining is a fast, sensitive and reproducible method to study cell proliferation[1]. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs[2].
IC50 & Target
Alkyl-Chain
体外研究 (In Vitro)
5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining is a fast, sensitive and reproducible method to study cell proliferation in the central nervous system[1]. PROTACs contain two different ligands connected by a linker; one is a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other is for the target protein. PROTACs exploit the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade target proteins[1].
上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
体内研究 (In Vivo)
The number of 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU; a single injection of EdU intraperitoneally at a dose of 10, 20, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) positive cells in the dentate gyrus slightly increased in a dose-dependent manner in two month old female mice[1].
上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Model:
Two month old female mice[1]
Dosage:
10, 20, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg
Administration:
Single injection; intraperitoneally; 4 hours after EdU injection, brains were processed for EdU staining.
Result:
EdU positive cell numbers slightly increased in a dose-dependent manner both in control and running mice.
分子量
252.22
Formula
C11H12N2O5
CAS 号
61135-33-9
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
[1]. Chenbo Zeng, et al. Evaluation of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining as a sensitive and reliable method for studying cell proliferation in the adult nervous system. Brain Res. 2010 Mar 10;1319:21-32.
[2]. An S, et al. Small-molecule PROTACs: An emerging and promising approach for the development of targeted therapy drugs. EBioMedicine. 2018 Oct;36:553-562
Zebularine (NSC309132; 4-Deoxyuridine) is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Zebularine also inhibits cytidine deaminase with a Ki of 0.95 μM.
IC50 & Target
DNMT1
DNMT3a/3L
Cytidine deaminase
0.95 μM (Ki)
Autophagy
体外研究 (In Vitro)
Zebularine exerts its demethylation activity by stabilizing the binding of DNMTs to DNA, hindering the methylation and decreasing the dissociation, thereby trapping the enzyme and preventing turnover even at other sites. zebularine enhances tumor cell chemo- and radiosensitivity and has antimitogenic and angiostatic activities[1]. Zebularine inhibits DNA methylation and reactivates a gene previously silenced by methylation. Zebularine induces the myogenic phenotype in 10T1/2 cells, which is a phenomenon unique to DNA methylation inhibitors. Zebularine reactivates a silenced p16 gene and demethylated its promoter region in T24 bladder carcinoma cells[2]. Zebularine treatment inhibits cell growth in a dose and time dependent manner with an IC50 of ∼100 μM and 150 μM in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, on 96 h exposure. At high doses zebularine induced changes in apoptotic proteins in a cell line specific manner manifested by alteration in caspase-3, Bax, Bcl2 and PARP cleavage[3]. Zebularine is also a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme CR deaminase. The Ki for zebularine is 0.95μM[4].
上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
体内研究 (In Vivo)
Zebularine is only slightly cytotoxic to tumor-bearing mice. Compared with those in control mice, tumor volumes are statistically significantly reduced in mice treated with high-dose zebularine administered by intraperitoneal injection or by oral gavage[2]. Zebularine also enhances the survival time of mice with L1210 leukemia treated with 5-AZA-CdR. About 27% of the mice treated with this drug combination has a survival time longer than the mice treated with only 5-AZA-CdR[4].
上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
228.20
Formula
C9H12N2O5
CAS 号
3690-10-6
中文名称
泽布拉林
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
[1]. Champion C, et al. Mechanistic insights on the inhibition of c5 DNA methyltransferases by zebularine. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 24;5(8):e12388.
[2]. Cheng JC, et al. Inhibition of DNA methylation and reactivation of silenced genes by zebularine. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Mar 5;95(5):399-409.
[3]. Billam M, et al. Effects of a novel DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine on human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Apr;120(3):581-92.
[4]. Lemaire M, et al. Inhibition of cytidine deaminase by zebularine enhances the antineoplastic action of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;63(3):411-6.
Cell Assay [2]
For methylation analysis, 10T1/2 cells and T24 cells are treated with the various concentrations of zebularine. For 10T1/2 cells, the medium is changed 24 hours after the initial drug treatment, whereas for T24 cells, the medium is changed 24 hours or 48 hours after the initial drug treatment. DNA and RNA are harvested from 10T1/2 cells 72 hours after initial drug treatment and from T24 cells 96 hours after initial drug treatment. The methylation status of the indicated DNA regions is measured in two separate and independent experiments, both of which are done in duplicate[2].
上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration [2]
EJ6 cells (5 × 105/injection) suspended in PBS are inoculated subcutaneously into the right and left flanks (along the midaxillary lines) of 4- to 6-week-old male BALB/c nu/nu mice. Mice (n=30) are randomLy divided into six groups (intraperitoneal control, oral control, intraperitoneal zebularine at 500 mg/kg, oral zebularine at 500 mg/kg, intraperitoneal zebularine at 1000 mg/kg, and oral zebularine at 1000 mg/kg). Each group consisted of five mice (at least six tumors per group; one or two mice per group are randomLy killed at earlier time points to establish a time course of expression). After 2–3 weeks and after macroscopic tumors (50–200 mm3) had formed, zebularine or control treatments are initiated. Zebularine, at doses of 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, is administered daily by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage in a solution of 0.45% saline over a period of 18 days[2].
上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
参考文献
[1]. Champion C, et al. Mechanistic insights on the inhibition of c5 DNA methyltransferases by zebularine. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 24;5(8):e12388.
[2]. Cheng JC, et al. Inhibition of DNA methylation and reactivation of silenced genes by zebularine. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Mar 5;95(5):399-409.
[3]. Billam M, et al. Effects of a novel DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine on human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Apr;120(3):581-92.
[4]. Lemaire M, et al. Inhibition of cytidine deaminase by zebularine enhances the antineoplastic action of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;63(3):411-6.
Idoxuridine (5-Iodo-2′-deoxyuridine) is an antiviral agent for feline herpesvirus type-1 with IC50 of 4.3 μM. Target: herpesvirus type-1 Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis. Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive. Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster.
IC50 & Target
HSV-1
Clinical Trial
分子量
354.10
Formula
C9H11IN2O5
CAS 号
54-42-2
中文名称
碘苷;碘甙;疱疹净;碘去氧尿啶;5-碘去氧尿苷;碘脱氧尿苷
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
[1]. Seth AK, et al. Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications.Pharm Dev Technol. 2004 Aug;9(3):277-89.
[2]. Fauth E, et al. Comparison of spontaneous and idoxuridine-induced micronuclei by chromosome painting. Mutat Res. 1999 Apr 6;440(2):147-56.
[3]. Otto SE. Radiopharmaceuticals (Strontium 89) and radiosensitizers (idoxuridine). J Intraven Nurs. 1998 Nov-Dec;21(6):335-7.
[4]. De Clercq E. Specific targets for antiviral drugs. Biochem J. 1982;205(1):1-13.
2′-Azido-2′-deoxyuridine (N3dUrd) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. 2′-Azido-2′-deoxyuridine has anti-cancer activity[1].
体外研究 (In Vitro)
2′-Azido-2′-deoxyuridine (N3dUrd) has IC50s of >350 μM for ribonucleotide reductase activity in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and 3T6 cell[1].
Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
269.21
Formula
C9H11N5O5
CAS 号
26929-65-7
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
参考文献
[1]. Kang SH, et al. Biological activity and phosphorylation of 2‘-azido-2‘-deoxyuridine and 2‘-azido-2‘-deoxycytidine. Nucleosides Nucleotides. 1998 Jun;17(6):1077-88.
2′-Azido-2′-deoxyuridine (N3dUrd) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. 2′-Azido-2′-deoxyuridine has anti-cancer activity[1].
体外研究 (In Vitro)
2′-Azido-2′-deoxyuridine (N3dUrd) has IC50s of >350 μM for ribonucleotide reductase activity in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and 3T6 cell[1].
Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
269.21
Formula
C9H11N5O5
CAS 号
26929-65-7
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
参考文献
[1]. Kang SH, et al. Biological activity and phosphorylation of 2‘-azido-2‘-deoxyuridine and 2‘-azido-2‘-deoxycytidine. Nucleosides Nucleotides. 1998 Jun;17(6):1077-88.
[1]. Lin TS, et al. Synthesis and anticancer activity of various 3′-deoxy pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and crystal structure of 1-(3-deoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine. J Med Chem. 1991;34(2):693-701.
[1]. Lin TS, et al. Synthesis and anticancer activity of various 3′-deoxy pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and crystal structure of 1-(3-deoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine. J Med Chem. 1991;34(2):693-701.
[1]. Lin TS, et al. Synthesis and anticancer activity of various 3′-deoxy pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and crystal structure of 1-(3-deoxy-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine. J Med Chem. 1991;34(2):693-701.