Nemorubicin (Methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin) is a Doxorubicin derivative with potent antitumor activity. Nemorubicin is highly cytotoxic to a variety of tumor cell lines presenting a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Nemorubicin requirs an intact nucleotide excision repair (NER) system to exert its activity^[1][2][3][4].

Nemorubicin has antitumor activity, with IC₇₀s of 578 nM, 468 nM, 193 nM, 191 nM, 68 nM, and 131 ± 9 nM for HT-29, A2780, DU145, EM-2, Jurkat and CEM cell lines, respectively^[1].
Nemorubicin is CYP3A-activated anticancer prodrug, which can produce a more cytotoxic metabolite, PNU-159682^[1][2].
Nemorubicin acts through nucleotide excision repair (NER) system to exert its activity. Nemorubicin (0-0.3 μM) is more active in the L1210/DDP cells with intact NER than in the XPG-deficient L1210/0 cells. Cells resistant to nemorubicin show increased sensitivity to UV damage^[3].
Nemorubicin is cytotoxic to 9L/3A4 cells, with an IC₅₀ of 0.2 nM, 120-fold lower than that of P450-deficient 9L cells (IC₅₀, 23.9 nM). Nemorubicin also potently inhibits Adeno-3A4 infected U251 cells with IC₅₀ of 1.4 nM. P450 reductase overexpression enhances cytotoxicity of Nemorubicin^[4].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Nemorubicin is converted to PNU-159682 by human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in rat, mouse, and dog liver microsomes^[2]. Nemorubicin (60 µg/kg) induces sifnificant tumor growth delay in scid mice bearing 9L/3A4 tumors, but shows no obvious effect on the tumor growth delay of 9L tumors in mice by i.v. or intratumoral injection (i.t.). Nemorubicin (40 µg/kg, i.p.) exhibits no antitumor activity and no host toxicity in mice bearing 9L/3A4 tumors^[4].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

643.64

C₃₂H₃₇NO₁₃

108852-90-0

奈莫柔比星

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

In Vitro: 

DMSO : 65 mg/mL (100.99 mM; Need ultrasonic)

*

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

In Vivo:

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (5.05 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (5.05 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 32.5 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• [1]. Quintieri L, et al. Formation and antitumor activity of PNU-159682, a major metabolite of nemorubicin in human liver microsomes. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 15;11(4):1608-17.

  [2]. Quintieri L, et al. In vitro hepatic conversion of the anticancer agent nemorubicin to its active metabolite PNU-159682 in mice, rats and dogs: a comparison with human liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;76(6):784-95.

  [3]. Sabatino MA, et al. Down-regulation of the nucleotide excision repair gene XPG as a new mechanism of drug resistance in human and murine cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 2010 Sep 24;9:259.

  [4]. Lu H, et al. Potentiation of methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin antitumor activity by P450 3A4 gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009 May;16(5):393-404.

9L and CHO cells are plated in triplicate wells of a 96-well plate at 3000 cells per well 24 hr prior to drug treatment. Cells are treated with various concentrations of Nemorubicin or IFA for 4d. Cells are then stained with crystal violet (A595) and relative cell survival is calculated. IC₅₀ values are determined from a semi-logarithmic graph of the data points using Prism 4^[4].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

9L and 9L/3A4 cells are grown as solid tumors in male ICR/Fox Chase SCID mice. Cells cultured in DMEM medium to 75% confluence are trypsinized and washed in PBS and then adjusted to 2 × 10⁷ cells/mL of FBS-free DMEM. Four-week-old SCID mice (18-20 g) are implanted with either 9L or 9L/3A4 tumor cells by injection of 4 × 10⁶ cells/0.2 mL of cell suspension, s.c. on each hind flank. Tumor sizes (length and width) are measured twice a week using Vernier calipers beginning 7d after tumor implantation. When the average tumor size reach 300 to 400 mm³, Nemorubicin dissolved in PBS is administered by tail vein injection (i.v.) or by direct intratumoral (i.t.) injection (three injections spaced 7 d apart, each at 60 µg Nemorubicin per kg body weight). Intratumoral injections are performed using a syringe pump set a 1 µL/s with a 30-gauge needle. Each i.t. treatment dose is divided into three injections per tumor, with the injected volume set at 50 µL per tumor per 25 g mouse. Thus, for a 30 g mouse, a total of 120 µL of 15 µg/mL of Nemorubicin solution is administered: 20 µL per site × 3 sites per tumor × 2 tumors/mouse. Drug-free controls are injected i.t. with the same vol of PBS. In some experiments, Nemorubicin is administered by i.p. injection at 40 or 60 µg/kg body weight. Tumor sizes and body weights are measured twice/wk for the duration of the study. Tumor volumes are calculated using the formula: V = π/6 (L × W)^3/2. Percent tumor regression is calculated as 100 × (V₁-V₂)/V₁, where V₁ is the tumor vol on the day of drug treatment and V₂ is the vol on the day when the largest the decrease in tumor size is seen following drug treatment. Tumor doubling time is calculated as the time required for tumors to double in vol after drug treatment^[4].

上海金畔生物科技有限公司 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Quintieri L, et al. Formation and antitumor activity of PNU-159682, a major metabolite of nemorubicin in human liver microsomes. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 15;11(4):1608-17.

  [2]. Quintieri L, et al. In vitro hepatic conversion of the anticancer agent nemorubicin to its active metabolite PNU-159682 in mice, rats and dogs: a comparison with human liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;76(6):784-95.

  [3]. Sabatino MA, et al. Down-regulation of the nucleotide excision repair gene XPG as a new mechanism of drug resistance in human and murine cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 2010 Sep 24;9:259.

  [4]. Lu H, et al. Potentiation of methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin antitumor activity by P450 3A4 gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009 May;16(5):393-404.